Leveraging Herbarium Records for a Niche Analysis of Ripariosida hermaphrodita (L.) Weakley & B. D. Poind. (Virginia mallow)
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Weedy and rare plant species that thrive in disturbed habitats, but with restricted ranges, present a unique field of ecological research.Native to the Great Lakes drainage and the Ohio, Kanawha, Susquehanna, and Potomac river basins, Virginia mallow, Ripariosida hermaphrodita (L.)Weakley & D.B. Poind.(Malvaceae), is one such pioneer species that, despite its weedy habit, is rare throughout its range from Indiana west to Pennsylvania and from Tennessee north to Ontario, Canada.This rhizomatous perennial can reach around four meters in one growing season and is cultivated as a biofuel crop in Eastern Europe.Virginia mallow yields perfect, white, terminal cymose panicle inflorescences for several months in late summer, maturing into capsule fruits.Recent molecular phylogenetic work has motivated the revision of Virginia mallow from Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby to the newly monotypic Ripariosida.This work attempts to clarify the known extent of Virginia mallow through an ArcGIS niche analysis using georeferenced herbarium specimens collected over the last century and a half.248 wild collected and unduplicated records were assigned levels of geographic uncertainty from none to most: 51 specimens could not be georeferenced (Level 0), 83 specimens were georeferenced with a general locality statement (Level 1), 106 specimens were georeferenced with a precise locality statement (Level 2) and 7 specimens have GPS coordinates taken at the time of collection (Level 3).Analyses were completed on subsets of specimens (Level 3, Level 2-3 and Level 1-3) to understand the effects of geographic uncertainty on results.Large-scale, latitudinal climate variables were accompanied by finer-scale variables including soil and topography, land use, and proximity to nearest water and transportation to define the range of Virginia mallow.Occurring most frequently in flood plains, stream terraces, slopes, till plains, (rail)road cuts and urban land, Virginia mallow favors disturbance, both natural and mechanical, and is tolerant of both drought and periodic inundation.The most common soil type found for Virginia mallow was loam, of various kinds, followed by 'urban land.'Ripariosida hermaphrodita also clearly prefers high sun exposure, occurring on predominantly south/southeastern exposures and absent from northern exposures.Its tendency to occupy disturbed and at least intermittently wet areas was underscored by a mean distance to nearest road/railroad of 83 m and to nearest water of 165 m for Level 1-3 specimens.Our findings provide the foundation for further research into the population genetics and demography on the of this rare yet weedy, native perennial through comprehensive field work. Table of Contents I.Abstract.1 II.Introduction...4
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».