Human exposure to polychlorinated naphthalenes in food: estimated dietary intake in Korean population
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) unintentionally emitted from thermal processes or technical mixtures.From 1910 to 1980s, PCNs were widely produced and used as capacitor dielectrics, insulators, oil additives, lubricants, and preservatives.PCNs are known to have toxic effects and bioaccumulate persistently.In particular, dietary intake is considered as the main pathway of exposure to PCNs.There have been a few studies on PCNs in food; however, most of them have focused on fishery products, and only a single study has been done in Korea.In this study, 55 PCN congeners from tri-CNs to octa-CN were analyzed in agricultural products, fishery products, and processed foods.The 30 food items were collected from markets in Seoul, Busan, and Pohang.The samples (n=208) were extracted using Soxhlet extractors, treated with sulfuric acid, cleaned up using multi-silica gel columns, and then analyzed using gas chromatograph/high-resolution mass spectrometer (GC/HRMS).From the results, contamination levels, and correlationship of PCNs in food were investigated and dietary intakes from food were estimated.Additionally, the total combined dietary intakes of PCNs, PCDD/Fs, and DL-PCBs among the Korean population were estimated using previous results.The mean 55 PCN concentrations were 9.12 pg/g ww, 70.71 pg/g ww, and 48.00 pg/g ww in agricultural products, fishery products, and processed foods, respectively.The concentration levels of PCNs in food groups of this study are similar to those in other countries.Tri-CN was a predominant homologue, followed by tetra-CN and penta-CN.Significant correlations exist among the concentrations of PCN congeners, PCDD/F congeners, and dioxin-like PCB congeners in food, reflecting that these lipophilic POPs have similar exposure pathways.The relative composition of hexa-CNs was the highest for TEQPCN in food due to their high relative potencies.The highest sum of dietary intake of 11 TEQPCN was found in agricultural products (0.263 pg-TEQ/day), followed by livestock (0.247 pg-TEQ/day), fishery products (0.149 pg-TEQ/day), and processed foods (0.077 pg-TEQ/day).The sum of intake of 20 TEQPCN was mostly higher for males than females, and the highest intake was observed in youngest females, although they did not exceed the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (14 pg-TEQ/kg bw/week).The sum of total combined dietary intakes from food were also under the TWI, whereas it exceeded the suggestion of European Food Safety Authority (2 pg-TEQ/kg bw/week).Therefore, it is necessary to investigate more PCN congeners in various kinds of foods and estimate the dietary intakes.On the basis of this study, it would be possible to establish a system for the intake levels of PCNs and manage the dietary habits of the Korean population.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,012 | 0,017 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,003 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».