Polyphenol-rich potato extracts exert sex-dimorphic protective effects on the ozone-induced pulmonary inflammatory response in C57BL/6 mice
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Dietary polyphenols have been shown to improve diet-induced metabolic symptoms and pollution-related airway inflammation, yet very few studies have examined both contexts together. The current study investigated the efficacy of a polyphenolic-rich potato extract (PE) in ozone-exposed male (M) and female (F) C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat Western-style diet (WD) based adiposity and glucose intolerance, and lung health. Mice were fed ad libitum with WD supplemented with either a 20 PE (chlorogenic acid, 40 mg/kg diet; ferulic acid, 1.2 mg/kg diet) or 100 PE (chlorogenic acid, 200 mg/kg diet; ferulic acid, 6 mg/kg diet). After 4 wk on the diets, animals were exposed to 0.8 ppm ozone or air by inhalation for 4 h and euthanized 24 h post exposure. Independent of ozone exposure, supplementation with 100 PE attenuated weight gain (37% M and 48% F) and significantly reduced (p < 0.01) adiposity and total fat mass relative to the untreated controls in both sexes. Both 20 and 100 PE treatments restored fasting blood glucose levels (p < 0.001) and improved insulin sensitivity (p < 0.05). Based on cellular evaluation from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation/injury was suppressed by 100 PE treatment as indicated by a reduction in alveolar macrophage cell counts (464 ± 12.1 F and 457 ± 16.7 M) below than the respective air-exposed group under the same treatment condition (490 ± 5.3 M and 477 ± 7.4 F). Additionally, a decrease in neutrophil cell counts (9 ± 0.7 M and 7 ± 0.9 F) relative to the ozone-exposed untreated group (13 ± 1.7 M and 11 ± 1.9 F) was observed. The 100 PE dose also reduced total protein concentrations in BALF (p < 0.001) in the ozone-exposed groups (106.09 ± 1.10 vs. 95.61 ± 0.83 µg/mL M and 82.45 ± 1.47 vs. 74.56 ± 0.68 µg/mL F). Similarly, epithelial counts in BALF were decreased due to 100 PE in the ozone-exposed groups (129 ± 20.5 vs. 75 ± 14.3 M and 137 ± 28.2 vs. 67 ± 18.2 F). All these markers signify acute lung injury. The lung inflammatory markers (IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, KC, MCP-1, MIP-1β, RANTES, and TNF-α) measured from BALF exhibited some changes as well. Although the BALF cytokines were in general increased with ozone exposure, these levels were lowered consistently in male mice with 20 PE treatment without reaching statistical significance. Pro-inflammatory and antioxidant gene expression profiles of the air- and ozone-exposed groups were compared to evaluate the extent of transcriptional changes based on stratification of the PE dietary treatments. A sex dimorphic response, particularly evident in the changes in mRNA abundance of ET1, GPX1, GSTM1, HMOX1, and SOD2 where males varied in their response to PE treatment and ozone exposure, while females displayed consistent response to PE treatment regardless of ozone exposure. For MT2, there appeared to be two opposing effects between the sexes, with 100 PE group in males showing significant suppression (p = 0.05) relative to air-exposed group yet the opposite effect occurred among the females in both treatments (p = 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). With IL6 both sexes displayed significant elevation (p < 0.05) compared to air control in both PE-treated groups. These findings ascertain that dietary PE supplementation improves adiposity and glucose intolerance associated with consumption of WD, and protects against lung injury. However, there is sex dimorphism in the PE-mediated protection against ozone-induced lung inflammation. The work presented in this thesis is the first to document the inhibitory effects of PE on pulmonary inflammation in relation to their ability to mitigate ozone-induced toxicity in a sex-dependent manner.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».