Antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial use and infection control in community small animal veterinary hospitals in southern Ontario
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This thesis is a study of components of the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in companion animals. The effect of antimicrobial treatment on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal 'Escherichia coli ' isolates, antimicrobial use by companion animal veterinarians and the recovery of environmental bacteria from companion animal veterinary practices were investigated. The effect of antimicrobial treatment on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance was examined using a cohort design studying in dogs requiring treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cephalexin, fluoroquinolones or penicillin. Resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, ceftiofur and ceftriaxone in fecal 'E. coli' from dogs was significantly associated with treatment with cephalexin. Also, isolation of fecal 'Clostridium difficile' was significantly associated with treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Antimicrobial use by companion animal veterinarians was investigated using journals recording diagnosed new disease events and associated treatments. Antimicrobials were the most frequently prescribed treatment. Non-topical (oral, parenteral) antimicrobials were the most common type of antimicrobial prescribed, and [beta]-lactams were the most frequently prescribed antimicrobial class. In dogs, 67% of new disease events associated with canine infectious tracheobronchitis were treated with antimicrobials. In cats, 70% and 74% of disease events associated with feline upper respiratory tract disease and feline lower urinary tract disease, respectively, were treated with antimicrobials. The recovery of environmental bacteria from community veterinary hospitals was investigated in a cross-sectional study. The proportion of hospitals with positive environmental samples were: ' E. coli'-92%, C. 'difficile'-58%, methicillin-resistant ' Staphylococcus aureus' -9%, CMY-2 producing 'E. coli'-9%, methicillin-resistant 'Staphylococcus pseudintermedius'-7%, ' Salmonella'-2%. Antimicrobial resistance in 'E. coli' was infrequent, but several important potential pathogens were recovered: Canadian epidemic strains MRSA-2 and MRSA-5, and 'C. difficile' ribotype 027. An evaluation of infection control practices demonstrated deficiencies that could be improved: development of formal infection control policies, use of isolation for infectious patients, and disinfectant selection for environmental disinfection. The overall study results suggest that use of common antimicrobials in companion animal practice and associated antimicrobial resistance may pose a risk to animal and human health, and that companion animal veterinary hospitals are a reservoir for environmental and antimicrobial resistant pathogens.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».