Litter size affects nest-building behavior in group-housed sows
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Résumé
Sows have an innate need for nest-building (NB) before farrowing and a lack of NB can impair parturition. Moreover, in the modern hyperprolific sows, parturitions are challenged by large litters. However, the interpretation of NB behavior in relation to different environments or sow physiology is unclear. Our objective was to observe NB behavior in group farrowing sows that were housed in individual unconfined farrowing pens and abundant straw in a group farrowing unit. The aim was to provide the best indoor substitute for natural farrowing environment, with a total space per sow of 9.6–11.9 m2. We monitored 33 parturitions from five farrowing groups of 7–10 sows on a farm located in western Finland. Sows represented different breeds (Norwegian Landrace and Finnish Landrace × Yorkshire) and parities (parities 1–7, mean parity 3.6 ± 1.8), and with multiparous sows having all farrowed previously in the same environment. Sow behavior was recorded with internet protocol cameras (Niceview NICECAN420WL, Niceview Corp.) for 24 h before birth of the first piglet (BFP) to observe NB (defined as pawing, rooting, arranging, or collecting NB material lasting for at least 5 s). The NB data over the 24 h were analyzed in relation to productivity data (sow parity, litter size, live and stillborn piglets, farrowing duration, and piglet birth weight) using the general linear mixed model (SPSS® program, version 25.0, SPSS® Inc.). Further, NB data was divided in twelve 2 h periods and analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA, including litter size as binomial variable (≤16 piglets vs. >16 piglets) in the model. The NB behavior over 24 h showed a temporal pattern, where average NB 12–0 h before BFP was greater than 24–12 h before BFP (213 ± 95 vs. 52 ± 39 min, p < 0.001). Most activity occurred 8–4 h before BFP, followed by a decrease in activity 4–0 h before BFP. While total NB during 24 h (267 ± 110 min) was unaffected by productivity variables, sows with 17 piglets or more showed increased NB 4–2 h and 2–0 h before farrowing compared to sows with less than 17 piglets (26 ± 7 vs. 50 ± 7 min, p = 0.02, and 11 ± 5 vs. 29 ± 5 min, p = 0.022, respectively). This led a to delayed prepartal decrease in NB activity in sows with large litters. Results support previous findings on the effect of large litters on sow physiology, but it remains unclear whether the increased NB in large litters reflects a negative physiological response or a beneficial effect to compensate for the challenge of this great litter size. Further research should aim at defining different elements of NB in different environments and productivity outcomes. Current results from the novel group farrowing environment highlight the importance of NB in the parturition process, as well as the requirement to follow the consequences of increased litter sizes, while suggesting that a sufficient decrease in NB activity before BFP is a vital element of adequate NB.
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|---|---|---|
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