Electrokinetic remediation of a nitrate-contaminated soil
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The potential for groundwater contamination by inorganic forms of nitrogen from intensive livestock operations has become a major concern for surrounding communities that use groundwater as their water supply.The traditional pump-and-treat method is ineffective in medium to fine textured agricultural soils due to their low hydraulic conductivity.Application of an electrical potential gradient results in the movement of charged particles and water in soil.A diffise double layer formed around hydrated clay particles is the basis for the electrokinetic phenomena.Three sets of laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the effectiveness of electrokinetic methods in remediating a nitrate contaminated soil i.e. the first set of experiments tested denitrification of nitrates, the second looked at retarding nitrate ion movement, and the third evaluated the complete remediation of a nitrate contaminated soil using electrokinetics.The first set of laboratory experiments showed that the nitrates in soil can be converted to other forms using electrokinetic treatment.The conversion occurred at the cathode (negative electrode) and in the surrounding soil.After nine days of electrokinetic treatment, compared to control, the nitrate concentration at the inflow end and at a relative distance of 0.2 in electrokinetic columns were significantly (p<0.05)lower showing successful reduction of nitrates near the cathode end.The second set of laboratory experiments showed that nitrate ion movement can be retarded by applying an electrical potential gradient.The retardation occurred at the anode (positive electrode).The application of the electrical potential gradient induced a nitrate ion barrier around the anode against a hydraulic gradient o11.25.Nitrate concentration at a relative distance of 0 2 from the anode was significantly lower (p<0.05)than that in the hydraulic column even after thirteen days of treatment.The third set of experiments showed that by changing the polarity of the electrodes after a period of time, the nitrate levels in a contaminated soil can be brought to below 10 mg NO3-N L-t which is the Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC) for nitrate in drinking water in Canada.Six days after switching polarity, the nitrate concentration at a relative distance of Q.2 from the cathode was significantly lower (p<0.05)than that in the hydraulic column.The nitrate concentrations in the entire treatment columns were brought to <5 mg NO3-N L-l and significantly lower (p<0.05)than control by the twelfth day.Electrokinetic treatment retarded nitrate movement against a hydraulic gradient of 1.25, and effectively restored a medium textured soil contaminated with NO,-N.To achieve optimum results in the field, the electrodes have to be located based on contamination location and the direction of the hydraulic gradient.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my deep appreciation to Dr. R.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».