English as a language of the Internet
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
World communication assumes contacts among representatives of different cultures, and one of these representatives may speak not a mothertongue.Nowadays, when English is considered to be an international language, the situation with two non-speakers is more widespread.English is now the dominant or official language in over 60 countries and is represented in every continent.According to the fact, it can be understood that the language is a vital means of communication for millions of people around the world.During the twentieth century, numerous technological inventions and developments, such as the telephone, fax, electronic mail, internet have facilitated communication between people from all areas of life and all of these means are functioning in English [1].The language is often said as a lingua-franca, because such countries as the USA, Canada, Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zeland, South Africa and several Carribean countries use it as a mother tongue [2, p.9].-English is currently one of the most widely spoken and written languages worldwide, with some 380 million native speakers.Because a working knowledge of it is required in many fields and occupations, education ministries around the world mandate the teaching of English to at least a basic level.There are the most prominent characteristics: Three-quarters of the world's mail, telexes and cables are in English.-More than half of the world's technical and scientific periodicals are in English.-English is the medium for 80% of the information stored in the world's computers.English is the language of navigation, aviation and of Christianity; it is the ecumenical language of the World Council of Churches.Five of the largest broadcasting companies in the world (CBS, NBC, ABC, BBC and CBC) broadcast in English, reaching millions and millions of people all over the world.In general, this article is dedicated to the examination of English as a language of the Internet, or more exactly a vague collection of languages called "English" because there are so many people who use it with their cultural aspects.That national language has spread over the world, and several variants such as American (US) English, Australian English exist.A great number of people whose native language isn't the same know English as a foreign language.They typically use a more or less simplified variant, e.g.excluding most of the idioms of British, American, Australian etc English.Of course, they make mistakes, and sometimes the "English" used by people as a foreign language on the Internet is almost incomprehensible to anyone else.In addition, people who use it as their native language do not know how to spell difficult words, since they basically know English as a spoken language.Four factors determine the degree to which a given language finds use on the Internet: 1.The number of users of the language;2. The extent of it's use as an official language; 3. The economic power of the language; 4. The volume of information disseminated in the language [ 3].Today, English reigns supreme in all of four aspects.It is studied as a foreign language throughout the world and employed by a majority of Internet users.The biggest part of 163 member nations of the U.N. uses English as their official language.The importance of the Internet grows rapidly in all fields of human life, including not only research and education but also marketing and trade as well as entertainment and hobbies.This implies that it
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».