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Record W7047184087

English as a language of the Internet

2014· article· en· W7047184087 on OpenAlexaboutno aff

Bibliographic record

VenueDigital Repository of Polessky State University (Polessky State University) · 2014
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicSuperconducting and THz Device Technology
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsThe InternetMandateFirst languageOfficial languageForeign languageWebcastBroadcasting (networking)Spoken language
DOInot available

Abstract

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World communication assumes contacts among representatives of different cultures, and one of these representatives may speak not a mothertongue.Nowadays, when English is considered to be an international language, the situation with two non-speakers is more widespread.English is now the dominant or official language in over 60 countries and is represented in every continent.According to the fact, it can be understood that the language is a vital means of communication for millions of people around the world.During the twentieth century, numerous technological inventions and developments, such as the telephone, fax, electronic mail, internet have facilitated communication between people from all areas of life and all of these means are functioning in English [1].The language is often said as a lingua-franca, because such countries as the USA, Canada, Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zeland, South Africa and several Carribean countries use it as a mother tongue [2, p.9].-English is currently one of the most widely spoken and written languages worldwide, with some 380 million native speakers.Because a working knowledge of it is required in many fields and occupations, education ministries around the world mandate the teaching of English to at least a basic level.There are the most prominent characteristics: Three-quarters of the world's mail, telexes and cables are in English.-More than half of the world's technical and scientific periodicals are in English.-English is the medium for 80% of the information stored in the world's computers.English is the language of navigation, aviation and of Christianity; it is the ecumenical language of the World Council of Churches.Five of the largest broadcasting companies in the world (CBS, NBC, ABC, BBC and CBC) broadcast in English, reaching millions and millions of people all over the world.In general, this article is dedicated to the examination of English as a language of the Internet, or more exactly a vague collection of languages called "English" because there are so many people who use it with their cultural aspects.That national language has spread over the world, and several variants such as American (US) English, Australian English exist.A great number of people whose native language isn't the same know English as a foreign language.They typically use a more or less simplified variant, e.g.excluding most of the idioms of British, American, Australian etc English.Of course, they make mistakes, and sometimes the "English" used by people as a foreign language on the Internet is almost incomprehensible to anyone else.In addition, people who use it as their native language do not know how to spell difficult words, since they basically know English as a spoken language.Four factors determine the degree to which a given language finds use on the Internet: 1.The number of users of the language; 2. The extent of it's use as an official language; 3. The economic power of the language; 4. The volume of information disseminated in the language [ 3].Today, English reigns supreme in all of four aspects.It is studied as a foreign language throughout the world and employed by a majority of Internet users.The biggest part of 163 member nations of the U.N. uses English as their official language.The importance of the Internet grows rapidly in all fields of human life, including not only research and education but also marketing and trade as well as entertainment and hobbies.This implies that it П

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.018
Threshold uncertainty score0.060

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.003
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.002
Scholarly communication0.0060.004
Open science0.0000.002
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0180.007

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.004
GPT teacher head0.170
Teacher spread0.166 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreOther

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2014
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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