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Record W7047184087

English as a language of the Internet

2014· article· en· W7047184087 on OpenAlexaboutno aff

Bibliographic record

VenueDigital Repository of Polessky State University (Polessky State University) · 2014
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicSuperconducting and THz Device Technology
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsThe InternetMandateFirst languageOfficial languageForeign languageWebcastBroadcasting (networking)Spoken language
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

World communication assumes contacts among representatives of different cultures, and one of these representatives may speak not a mothertongue.Nowadays, when English is considered to be an international language, the situation with two non-speakers is more widespread.English is now the dominant or official language in over 60 countries and is represented in every continent.According to the fact, it can be understood that the language is a vital means of communication for millions of people around the world.During the twentieth century, numerous technological inventions and developments, such as the telephone, fax, electronic mail, internet have facilitated communication between people from all areas of life and all of these means are functioning in English [1].The language is often said as a lingua-franca, because such countries as the USA, Canada, Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zeland, South Africa and several Carribean countries use it as a mother tongue [2, p.9].-English is currently one of the most widely spoken and written languages worldwide, with some 380 million native speakers.Because a working knowledge of it is required in many fields and occupations, education ministries around the world mandate the teaching of English to at least a basic level.There are the most prominent characteristics: Three-quarters of the world's mail, telexes and cables are in English.-More than half of the world's technical and scientific periodicals are in English.-English is the medium for 80% of the information stored in the world's computers.English is the language of navigation, aviation and of Christianity; it is the ecumenical language of the World Council of Churches.Five of the largest broadcasting companies in the world (CBS, NBC, ABC, BBC and CBC) broadcast in English, reaching millions and millions of people all over the world.In general, this article is dedicated to the examination of English as a language of the Internet, or more exactly a vague collection of languages called "English" because there are so many people who use it with their cultural aspects.That national language has spread over the world, and several variants such as American (US) English, Australian English exist.A great number of people whose native language isn't the same know English as a foreign language.They typically use a more or less simplified variant, e.g.excluding most of the idioms of British, American, Australian etc English.Of course, they make mistakes, and sometimes the "English" used by people as a foreign language on the Internet is almost incomprehensible to anyone else.In addition, people who use it as their native language do not know how to spell difficult words, since they basically know English as a spoken language.Four factors determine the degree to which a given language finds use on the Internet: 1.The number of users of the language;2. The extent of it's use as an official language; 3. The economic power of the language; 4. The volume of information disseminated in the language [ 3].Today, English reigns supreme in all of four aspects.It is studied as a foreign language throughout the world and employed by a majority of Internet users.The biggest part of 163 member nations of the U.N. uses English as their official language.The importance of the Internet grows rapidly in all fields of human life, including not only research and education but also marketing and trade as well as entertainment and hobbies.This implies that it

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.754
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.004
GPT teacher head0.170
Teacher spread0.166 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2014
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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