Increasing renewable energy in a community in Ontario with biomass : technical, economic and regulatory evaluation
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The core objective of this work is to determine whether a renewable energy option based on biomass could replace some of the current energy mix in the community of Kingston, Ontario, Canada and be economically, technically and socially feasible within the existing regulatory framework.Four different options are examined: 1) a 40 MW wood-chip CHP combustion plant generating 10 MW electric and no heat; 2) a 40 MW wood chip CHP combustion plant generating 4 MW electric and 30 MW heat; 3) a 40 MW wood-chip CHP gasification plant generating 10 MW electric and 24 MW heat; and a 2 MW biogas plant generating 2 MW electric and 2 MW heat.All four options make use of existing feedstock in and around Kingston, namely wood, crop residue and animal waste from farming.In all 4 cases the projects are economically, technically and socially feasible.To determine the degree to which Kingston can reduce its annual greenhouse gases as a result of implementing 2 of the options, statistics for Kingston's green house gases for 2006 are used, and Kingston's own target for reducing its CO 2 emissions by 16% below 2006 by 2020 are compared.below year 2000 levels by 2014.This goal was stimulated by the Federation of Canadian Municipalities program Partners for Climate Protection which Kingston City Council opted to join in 2001.Kingston has an alternative energy cluster called SWITCH which assists local residents and industries to adopt green measures offered under the government of Ontario's Standard Offer Program for Renewable Energy or the rebate program of Kingston Electricity Distribution Limited.These programs support those who wish to produce and sell renewable energy to the grid.One such project was that of a Kingston homeowner in 2007 who began to produce and sell solar power from his home.From an environmental perspective, it should be viable to switch to biomass within the current energy mix, as the availability of biomass within a 150 km radius of Kingston is abundant and accessible.This is because Kingston is situated within the Eastern Ontario Model Forest (EOMF), which encompasses 1.5 million hectares of mixed forest, urban and agricultural land in eastern Ontario, and 90 percent of the land is privately owned.It is located in the Great Lakes-St.Lawrence forest region between the St. Lawrence and Ottawa Rivers.The forest's dominant tree species include basswood, beech, red maple, sugar maple, white ash, white spruce and yellow birch.The Eastern Ontario Model Forest certifies private woodlots, and promotes urban forestry and landowner education.The Canadian Model Forest Network (CMFN) includes Canada's 14 Model Forests and has as partners private citizens, forest companies, parks, Aboriginal communities, provincial governments and universities.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».