Effects of cultivar and environment on quality characteristics of yellow alkaline noodles
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Canada Westem Red Spring (CWRS) wheat is the most widely cultivated class of wheat in western Canada.The Asian market accounted for an average of over 50 o/o of the total CWRS wheat exported from 1989-1999.Currenily, about 20-25 % of the CWRS wheat exported to Asia is used for noodle production, mainly for blending purposes to improve the processing, cooking or eating requirements of noodles, especially yellow alkaline noodles (YAN) (Bin Xiao Fu, personal communication; Chen, 1993).There is a growing interestfrom Asian clients in variety specific information as it relates to noodle production, but this information is not available.Therefore, a study was undertaken to determine the relative contribution of cultivar, environment, and their interaction on the quality of YAN made from four registered CWRS wheat cultivars grown at six environments (location and year) across western Canada.A second objective was to quantitate the differences among cultivars and -among environments with regard to the characteristics of YAN.The relationship between flour and noodle properties was also investigated.Although the variability of noodle characteristics among the cultivars was small, differences among them could still be obserued for all the textural, color and speck characterstics examined, except for the L* values (brightness) of raw noodle sheets measured between 0 and 2 hr after processing and L* and b* (yellowness) values of cooked noodles.The cultivar AC Barrie demonstrated the poorest overall noodle making quality and was shown to be more responsive to changes in the environment for many of the noodle properties studied.The CWRS composite sample from the year 2000 harvest was shown to have better noodle making quality than the individual cultivars, especially for maximum cutting stress (Mcs), resistance to compression, gumminess, and speck characteristics.This might be due to the better grain quality and more optimum flour characteristics for the composite CWRS sample compared to the individual cultivars.Cultivars grown in Melfort in 1999 produced YAN with higher MCS values than those grown in Swift Current in 1999 and Melfort in 2000 likely due to the higher protein and gluten contents and lower Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) pasting properties (except breakdown) found for their flour samples.Higher wet gluten content were associated with higher resistance to compression and gumminess values as was shown with noodles made from samples grown in Melfort in 1999 and Swift Cunent in 2000.Gumminess tended to increase with lower breakdown and higher final viscosity (SFV) and setback (SSB) values of flour pastes measured in silver nitrate solution.YAN produced from cultivars grown in Swift Current for both years had higher relaxation time values which were found to be related to the pasting properties of their flours, especially to SSF and SSB.Unlike the noodles made from the cultivars grown in Melfort in 1999 and in particular Glenlea in 2000, those made from Melfort in 2000 and Swift Current, especially for the year 1999, generally had better color and speck characteristics.Lower flour protein content and enzyme activities, especially peroxidase activity coresponded to better overalt appearance of noodles.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».