Effects of cultivar and environment on quality characteristics of yellow alkaline noodles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canada Westem Red Spring (CWRS) wheat is the most widely cultivated class of wheat in western Canada.The Asian market accounted for an average of over 50 o/o of the total CWRS wheat exported from 1989-1999.Currenily, about 20-25 % of the CWRS wheat exported to Asia is used for noodle production, mainly for blending purposes to improve the processing, cooking or eating requirements of noodles, especially yellow alkaline noodles (YAN) (Bin Xiao Fu, personal communication; Chen, 1993).There is a growing interestfrom Asian clients in variety specific information as it relates to noodle production, but this information is not available.Therefore, a study was undertaken to determine the relative contribution of cultivar, environment, and their interaction on the quality of YAN made from four registered CWRS wheat cultivars grown at six environments (location and year) across western Canada.A second objective was to quantitate the differences among cultivars and -among environments with regard to the characteristics of YAN.The relationship between flour and noodle properties was also investigated.Although the variability of noodle characteristics among the cultivars was small, differences among them could still be obserued for all the textural, color and speck characterstics examined, except for the L* values (brightness) of raw noodle sheets measured between 0 and 2 hr after processing and L* and b* (yellowness) values of cooked noodles.The cultivar AC Barrie demonstrated the poorest overall noodle making quality and was shown to be more responsive to changes in the environment for many of the noodle properties studied.The CWRS composite sample from the year 2000 harvest was shown to have better noodle making quality than the individual cultivars, especially for maximum cutting stress (Mcs), resistance to compression, gumminess, and speck characteristics.This might be due to the better grain quality and more optimum flour characteristics for the composite CWRS sample compared to the individual cultivars.Cultivars grown in Melfort in 1999 produced YAN with higher MCS values than those grown in Swift Current in 1999 and Melfort in 2000 likely due to the higher protein and gluten contents and lower Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) pasting properties (except breakdown) found for their flour samples.Higher wet gluten content were associated with higher resistance to compression and gumminess values as was shown with noodles made from samples grown in Melfort in 1999 and Swift Cunent in 2000.Gumminess tended to increase with lower breakdown and higher final viscosity (SFV) and setback (SSB) values of flour pastes measured in silver nitrate solution.YAN produced from cultivars grown in Swift Current for both years had higher relaxation time values which were found to be related to the pasting properties of their flours, especially to SSF and SSB.Unlike the noodles made from the cultivars grown in Melfort in 1999 and in particular Glenlea in 2000, those made from Melfort in 2000 and Swift Current, especially for the year 1999, generally had better color and speck characteristics.Lower flour protein content and enzyme activities, especially peroxidase activity coresponded to better overalt appearance of noodles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".