The policing of illegal mining in Gauteng
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The aim of this study was to explore how the South African Police Service (SAPS) deal with illegal mining activities in Gauteng. The rising unemployment rate in South Africa and economic uncertainties in the neighbouring countries drive people to participate in illegal mining activities as a means of survival. In South Africa alone, the unemployment rate has reached 32 per cent in the fourth quarter of the year 2020. As such, illegal activities (such as illegal mining) have become one of the sources of income for many unemployed people in the country including people from African countries who reside in South Africa. Therefore, it is the intention of this research study to explore how SAPS deal with illegal mining activities in Gauteng \nThe study followed a qualitative research approach because this approach produces rich and detailed information about people’s knowledge and experience. Through purposive sampling, the researcher identified the relevant research participants who possess the information needed to answer the research questions. The topic was then explored using Focus Group Discussions (FDG’s), one-on-one interviews, and participant’s observations. \nThe study discovered that illegal mining is a process that involves men, women and sometimes children. Many people involved in illegal mining in South Africa are South African citizens and foreign nationals from different ethnic groups partaking in various roles in the mining process. Often the poor black men are the ones risking their lives by extracting the products from the mines, while the rich, black, white and Indian men are the buyers who, through their connections, will sell such products to the merchants dealing with copper, gold and diamonds. The study also discovered that the lived experiences of illegal miners are constantly associated with numerous challenges whereby they stay underground in extremely hot temperatures for days or weeks at times. Such spaces are used for different activities including cooking, sleeping and due to lack of proper sanitation, even as a place to relieve oneself. \nThe study further proves that there are numerous risks involved in illegal mining activities such as intergroup conflict, murder, attempted murder, rape and assault. The main challenge facing police is that the strategies they use, such as Disruptive operations, are ineffective in curbing the problem of illegal mining in this country as the problem continues. Owing to that, this study recommends that despite the damages that occur in the formal mining sector specializing in gold, the government need to decriminalized illegal mining activities in South Africa. The decriminalization process will enable the miners to get police protection, the government to establish policies that can effectively regulate illegal mining and for the miners to have access to the trade market as well as an improved relationship with the community members.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».