Seismic analysis of a mixed timber-masonry structure: West Mill in Smiths Falls, Canada
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Timber and masonry are among the first building materials to be used internationally and are still being used in new construction today. It is evident that many mixed timber-masonry structures exist in zones of high seismicity such as Southern Europe and North America. Seismicity is and has been a universal problem for structural engineers all over the world. As some of the earliest structures were constructed with timber and masonry, it is important to look at the seismic vulnerabilities of such constructions and find efficient and sustainable ways to mitigate them. Mixed timber-masonry structures are important to the history of construction worldwide and should be conserved for such a reason. The work presented in this thesis aims at gaining a better understanding of the behaviour of mixed timber-masonry structures through a case study using numerical simulation. The case study will focus on a mixed timber—masonry structure in Eastern Ontario, Canada called The West Mill. The West Mill in Smiths Falls, Canada was built in the 1850s as part of the grain milling industry of Eastern Ontario. It is within the nationally designated Wood’s milling complex, which received its designation for its capability of demonstrating the development of the grain milling industry in Eastern Ontario through the 19th century. The West Mill itself consists of two joint structural systems. Four exterior limestone masonry walls make up the envelope of the building while the interior and the roof comprise of a heavy timber structure. A numerical model of the West Mill was created using the Finite Element Modelling (FEM) software DIANA. The numerical models used hinges and springs to represent the timber-timber and timber- masonry joints within the building. Shell elements were used to represent the masonry, and beam elements were used to represent the timber elements. Two numerical models were created to simulate the behaviour of the building. A pushover analysis was run on both models in the X and Y directions to capture the envelope of the seismic response for the structure. A parametric analysis was also conducted on the spring model by varying the stiffness of the springs used to model the connections between the timber-timber joints, and by varying the properties of the masonry. This study was conducted to explore the effects material properties have on the seismic response of the structure. The results developed from this thesis are a starting point for further research into the seismic response of the mixed timber-masonry structure, The West Mill.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».