Therapeutic Antimicrobials in Modulation of Gut Health, Growth Performances, Crude Protein and Amino Acid Utilization and Gut Microbiome in Weanling Pigs
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Antibiotics are among the best medicine discoveries. Antimicrobials have been used for enhancing pig gut health and growth performances for the past seven to eight decades but have also contributed to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The major mode of antimicrobial for growth promotion is often linked to improved efficiency of utilization of dietary crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) but with less convincing data and unraveled biological mechanisms. Three studies were conducted to investigate the impacts of therapeutic antimicrobials on modulation of gut health, growth performances, CP and AA utilization and gut microbiome via the high-resolution and high accuracy Loop-SeqTM synthetic full-length 16S-rRNA gene sequencing platform in weanling pigs. Study-1 results showed that therapeutic chlortetracycline dramatically altered (P<0.05) the distal ileal relative abundances of the two most populous bacterial species, i.e., Lactobacillus sp. and Streptococcus sp., respectively. Chlortetracycline was also shown to substantially reduce (P<0.05) the distal ileal relative abundances of the zoonotic Campylobacter lanienae and the pancreatic and colonic carcinogenic Fusobacterium spp. Chlortetracycline improved the weanling pig gut health endpoint by enhancing the distal ileal colonization of the chlortetracycline-producing Streptomyces aureofaciens, providing a new understanding of the antimicrobial resistance associated with this antibiotic. Chlortetracycline could improve (P<0.05) the apparent ileal Lys digestibility via modulating relative abundances of several specific ileal bacterial species; however, it had limited effects (P>0.05) on the efficiency of digestive and post-digestive utilization of dietary CP in the weanling pigs. Thus, high-resolution sequencing the 16S-rRNA gene unravels species-level of the gut microbiome changes in the weanling pigs administered with the therapeutic chlortetracycline in providing important One Health implications to humans. The Study-2 results showed that therapeutic antimicrobials could selectively regulate (P<0.05) host gut gene expression and mediate gut digestibility and AA utilization in the small and the large intestines via modulating relative abundances of some specific bacterial species in the weanling pigs. In Study-3, we discovered that even when the last-resort human therapeutic macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) antibiotics were never used in the study pigs and their prior source swine herds, the fecal tetracycline resistome core AMR genes and the fecal last-resort human therapeutic MLS antibiotic AMR genes were equally enriched in their relative abundances. And these examined AMR gene abundances were not further enhanced (P>0.05) by the therapeutic tetracycline administration in the weanling pigs. We also found that Syntrophococcus sp. and Enterobacter hormaechei were responsible for explaining the relative abundances of tetM and mcr-1, respectively. Our results support the notion that the elevated AMR gene prevalence and abundances in the porcine commensal and pathogenic bacteria have been reaching plateau levels because of the globe-wide antimicrobial use over the past seven to eight decades. Realistic resistome mitigation strategies should be emphasized on developing disruptive means to remodel and optimize the porcine gut microbiome and to evolve and enrich specific taxa that are affiliated with reduced AMR impacts.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».