Getting to the Source of Ethical Issues
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Research with open source software (OSS) raises the same ethical issues as other disciplines in which publicly released materials are the objects of study, and the creators of those materials are still living.These disciplines are literary and artistic criticism and public policy research.As El-Emam (this issue) mentioned there are also similarities to research employing internet newsgroup posts as data.The fact that the software engineers or programmers are still living is important since it raises the possibility that they may be harmed by the research.(Were they dead instead, research with OSS would more closely resemble archaeology, which raises dierent ethical issues.)As El-Emam noted analyses could rank the programmers according to the defect rate of their code, thus adversely aecting the careers of the worse programmers.Some readers may be of the opinion that this is perfectly acceptable from an ethical perspective, arguing that the better programmers should be rewarded and the worse programmers should be punished.However, this position assumes that the metric accurately captures the programmer's value, which may not be the case.For instance, one programmer's code may contain more defects than another's but may also be easier to x, maintain, modify, and re-usecharacteristics that were not captured by the metric but are nonetheless valuable.Additionally, the diculty of the coding tasks undertaken by each programmer may have varied greatly, such that defect rates alone do not adequately measure programming skill.Consequently, a metric-based ranking of programmers can be misleading, resulting in harm that is not a function of the programmer's true worth.The potential for harm is important because it increases the importance of obtaining informed consent.If the potential for harm were eliminated, the need for consent would be greatly reduced.To illustrate, consider a completely dierent research situation that would not normally require the informed consent of the subjects (45 CFR 46; Tri-council, 1998).Researchers place two telephone booths side by side.One is covered in grati and one is clean.The goal of the research is to determine whether the two telephone booths will attract an equal proportion of callers.Consequently, a researcher sits in view of the two phone booths and counts the number of people who enter each one.The researcher does not note any information that could be used to identify the research subjects.In such a case, the subjects cannot be identied, reported data cannot be traced back to them, the
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,049 | 0,014 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; les deux têtes enseignantes s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».