Research on the stability of mine workings and the risk of rock caving at the Zhaysan deposit, Kazakhstan
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Purpose. This research aims to predict the stability of mine workings and assess the risk of rockbursts in conditions of insufficient knowledge of the mechanical rock properties at the Zhaysan deposit (Kazakhstan), while taking into account the depth of the rock mass occurrence and quality, as well as the orientation of the mine workings relative to the tectonic stress field. Methods. The research employs a set of methods: laboratory testing of granitoid and diabase samples, assessment of rock mass disturbance using the Rock Quality Designation (RQD) index, analysis of metasomatically altered rocks, as well as the construction of a simplified 3D geomechanical model using the kriging method. The rock mass strength was predicted using the Hoek-Brown criterion, while the risk of rockbursts was assessed using the Fragility Index (UCS/UTS) and the Canadian method for assessing rockburst potential. The stability of mine workings in different directions was determined by the indicator of weighted frequency of rockfalls and analysis of their ratio with respect to orientation relative to σ1. Findings. It has been found that with increasing depth, the average RQD values increase from 60 to 90%, reflecting a decrease in fracturing and an improvement in rock mass quality. However, in fresh granitoids, there remains a high risk of elastic energy accumulation and its release during destruction. The critical depth at which rockburst risk begins has been determined to be approximately 400 m. The rocks altered metasomatically are characterized by reduced strength and fragility, which reduces their susceptibility to bursts, but increases the probability of caving. It has been revealed that the stability of the mine workings depends on their orientation: minimal damage is fixed when coinciding with the direction σ1 (azimuth ~300°), and the critical is the angle of intersection 45°, after which the volumes of rockfalls increase sharply. Originality. For the first time for the Zhaysan deposit, laboratory tests, geomechanical parameters (RQD, GSI), analytical strength criteria and analysis of the orientation of mine workings relative to the tectonic stress field were integrated to determine the depth boundary of rockburst hazard occurrence. The necessity of distinguishing between fresh and metasomatically altered granitoids is demonstrated when assessing risks and taking into account the direction of mine workings in project solutions. Practical implications. The results make it possible to identify high danger zones and depths, starting from which an enhanced monitoring of the stress state of the rock mass and the application of special safety measures are required. The proposed approach can be tailored for similar solid mineral deposits with limited source data, as well as can be used when selecting a safe direction for mine workings in the tectonic stress field.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».