The Influence of Willa Cather'sFrench-Canadian NeighborsIn Nebraska in <i>Death Comes For TheArchbishop and Shadows on the Rock</i>
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Willa Cather's high regard for French traditions and culture is reflected in many of her writings, including the novels O Pioneers! (1913), One of Ours (1922), The Professor's House (1925), Death Comes for the Archbishop (1927), Shadows on the Rock (1931), and her last, unfinished narrative set in Avignon. Of these works, readers sometimes think of Death Comes for the Archbishop and Shadows on the Rock as her French Catholic novels because of the heritage and faith of their main characters. Edith Lewis, Cather's long-time companion, recorded that, for Cather herself, writing the second of these two books served as a kind of continuation of the "Catholic feeling and tradition" of the first.2 French culture can be seen not only in the religious beliefs of the characters and the architecture of their churches but in the domestic: life Cather portrays in these two works. The devotion of the main characters to their families and to the traditional arts of gardening, preparing food, and keeping well-ordered households, and the zest with which they share food, wine, stories, and celebrations with friends and neighbors, reveal the influence of their Gallic background. Along with their descriptions of French Catholicism and culture, Death Comes for the Archbishop and Shadows on the Rock are similar in that both appear to be exceptions to Cather's well-known statement that "most of the basic material a writer works with is acquired before the age of fifteen."3 It seems that the subjects and settings of these novels derive entirely from sources Cather encountered and places she visited after leaving Red Cloud, Nebraska, in 1890 at age sixteen: from historical texts, from her study of literature, art, and music, and from her adult travels in France, Quebec, and the southwestern United States. Therefore, it is something of a puzzle that Cather referred to writing Death Comes for the Archbishop as "like a happy vacation from life, a return to childhood, to early memories"4 and that Edith Lewis, in describing the genesis of Shadows on the Rock, recalled that at her first view of Quebec Cather was "overwhelmed by the flood of memory, recognition, surmise it called Up."5 To what memories and recognitions do these accounts refer? The architecture of Quebec no doubt reminded Cather of that of northern France, but there are other possible interpretations of Lewis's remarks. Cather biographers E.K. Brown and James Woodress have noted that both Death Comes for the Archbishop and Shadows on the Rock reflect Cather's continuing interest in pioneer experience such as she first encountered in Nebraska, what Brown calls "the story of man's capacity to establish dominion over the immutable."6 Brown also feels that Cather's depiction of Quebec and its inhabitants in Shadows on the Rock is colored by her nostalgia for the family life she had known as a child, that the "novel in which Willa Cather traveled farthest from Red Cloud drew most of its emotional power from her memories of life there."7
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,026 | 0,005 |
| Communication savante | 0,006 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,015 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».