ПЛЕМІННІ ГНІЗДА ПОСЕЛЕНЬ СХІДНОТШИНЕЦЬКОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ XV–XII СТ. ДО Н. Е.

In the 70s - 80s of the 20th century it was proven that the ancestral homeland of the Slavs is located between the Vistula and the Dnieper in the territory inhabited by the tribes of the Trzciniec-Komariv culture. The Eastern Trzciniec culture occupies the northern part of Ukraine. In the west it borders on the Trzciniec culture of Poland, in the north it passes along the Pripyat and Desna, in the east it captures the lower reaches of the Sejm. The southern border runs along the Vinnytsia - Cherkasy line. In the third quarter of the 2nd millennium BC the ethnic and territorial situation in Ukraine stabilizes within the previously established borders. Nowadays, most archaeologists and linguists believe that the most ancient territory of the Proto-Slavs should be seen in Right-Bank Northern Ukraine and the adjacent area of the Left Bank, that is, precisely where the Eastern Trzciniec culture was widespread, including its Sosnytsia part. From that time until the Middle Ages, no significant population movements are archaeologically recorded. Geographical research of these territories by B. Rybakov showed that three maps: the Trzciniec, Early Przeworsk and Zarubynet cultures, - and the map of the Slavic culture of the Prague-Korchak type coincided remarkably. Verification of maps of the territories where the settlements of the Proto-Slavic tribes were located from the Late Bronze Age to the Middle Ages is the main idea of this article and a number of previous ones. For this, the author used the method of tribal geography, which is based on the analysis of the social structure of the Proto-Slavs, their division into clan and tribal communities and confirms the idea that the clan occupied a separate settlement, and the tribe formed a nest of related settlements. The purpose of the current study is to determine the social organization, tribal structure of the Proto-Slavs in the 15th - 12th centuries BC, based on archaeological materials with the involvement of ethnographic and linguistic sources. The object of the study is the social relations of the East-Szynski tribes under the tribal system. The subject of the study is the geography of the settlements of the East-Szynski tribes of the second half of the 2nd millennium BC in Eastern Europe. The use of registers, records of archaeological monuments and excavation materials by archaeologists in this study allowed us to localize on modern maps the territories of the nests of settlements of related clans that formed the Proto-Slavic tribes. The author mapped 73 nests of settlements of the East-Szynski tribes, including 46 nests of the Sosnytsia culture in the Kyiv, Volyn, Rivne, Zhytomyr and Chernihiv regions of Ukrainian Polissya, as well as in Southern Polissya of Belarus. That is, the territory of the Pripyat basin, which was inhabited by tribes of the East Shtynets culture (and the Sosnytsia culture as its part) is the oldest territory of habitation of the Proto-Slavs. Conclusions. The mapping of clusters of tribal settlements localized by the author on modern maps of Ukrainian and Belarusian Polissya allows us to record the coincidence of the territories where the Proto-Slavs lived during the Bronze Age, during the time of Herodotus and up to Nestor, which indicates the continuity of the settlement of Ukrainian Polissya by the Slavs, probably by our ancestors. In further research from era to era, the method of tribal geography will contribute to the identification of characteristic features of the social, cultural and economic life of the Slavs. Keywords: Proto-Slavs, clan, tribe, clusters of settlements, Eastern Trzciniec and Sosnytsia cultures, tribal geography.

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