Соціальний діалог замість конфлікту: зарубіжний досвід ефективного врегулювання трудових відносин

The article examines modern approaches to the development of social dialogue as a key instrument for ensuring a balance of interests between the state, employers, and employees in the context of labor market transformation. The international experience of Canada and Spain is analyzed, demonstrating different models of applying social dialogue to regulate labor relations and address socio-economic challenges. It has been established that the Canadian project Equi’Vision ensured the practical implementation of the principle of equal pay for work of equal value, contributed to enhancing transparency in remuneration, and helped identify discriminatory factors in the labor market. It is emphasized that this project laid the foundation for introducing a system of monitoring gender equality in the field of labor. It has been proven that active cooperation among the state, trade unions, and employers within the framework of social dialogue can effectively promote the elimination of inequality and strengthen trust among social partners. It has been found that the Spanish experience, represented by the so-called “Riders’ Law,” confirmed the capacity of social dialogue to influence the formation of national labor legislation, taking into account the challenges of the digital economy. As a result of tripartite negotiations, the employment dependence of platform delivery couriers was recognized, providing them with access to social protections and collective bargaining rights. It has been demonstrated that social dialogue is capable not only of responding to change but also of shaping institutional conditions for the adaptation of the labor market to digital transformations. It has been substantiated that for Ukraine, under martial law, structural economic transformation, and labor market digitalization, these models have practical significance. It is proposed to apply the Canadian experience to enhance transparency in remuneration and implement analytical monitoring, and the Spanish experience to adapt legislation to new forms of employment. It has been concluded that combining these approaches will contribute to the formation of a modern system of social dialogue in Ukraine, oriented toward mutual responsibility and sustainable socio-economic development.

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