Daddy and Papa: Canadian Gay Men Becoming Parents, Caring for their Families, and Constructing Fatherhood
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Gay fathers who parent together without a female caregiver represent an historically novel family unit, gaining federal recognition in Canada in 2005. Since then, an increasing number of Canadian gay men have pursued parenthood. Without easy access to the means of reproduction, prospective gay fathers must navigate complex pathways that primarily include different forms of adoption and surrogacy. Each pathway has costs and benefits and requires different resources. I analyze how gay men who pursue adoption develop a reflexive approach to fatherhood as they proceed under the scrutiny of a critical state. Gay men who pursue surrogacy, however, draw on normative scripts of masculinity as they anticipate fatherhood, reflecting the mastery they enjoy as they purchase the means of reproduction. Once fathers, they face the challenges of intensive childcare. They expect to remain involved with and receive childcare support from their gay community and families but receive little. The Canadian organization of childcare, the demands of intensive parenting, and the geographic distance between them and their communities and families complicate their access to support. Consequently, many fathers, especially those with older children, develop ties with the straight parents of their children’s friends. Additionally, I analyze how Canadian gay fathers navigate family and gender ideology as they take on the work of childcare. I show that they distance themselves from the models of masculinity and fatherhood that they know best. Given their histories with their fathers and relationship with masculinity, they construct fatherhood as ‘unlike’ their dads’ and instead as ‘like’ their mothers. Like other fathers, they integrate nurturance and emotion into fatherhood, but unlike other fathers, they readily identify with the many women in their lives, including their mothers, sisters, female friends, and paid female experts. Their fatherhood evinces little need to guard their identities as masculine, aligning more closely with expectations of motherhood and women. I conclude by discussing the limitations of this research, as well as the limitations of what we know about gay fathers in Canada and finally identify further directions and areas for inquiry within the developing field of the sociology of gay fatherhood in Canada.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
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Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,039 | 0,012 |
| Communication savante | 0,007 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,004 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».