“The Enemies Next Door”: Stalinist Repression in the Postwar Latvian Countryside
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This dissertation explores postwar Stalinist repression in the Latvian countryside, and especially in Vidzeme province, focusing on the March 1949 Soviet mass deportation, and on the broader repression of the so-called “kulaks,” “bandits” and “convicted nationalists” and their families. It is a work of social history “from below” and is concerned with the survival strategies of ordinary rural Latvians. It seeks to explore peasant mood, mentality and public opinion in the face of postwar repression and asks how and why rural Latvians felt compelled to participate in – or resist – repression. It explores how repression impacted family life and neighbourly relations. The dissertation examines the images of the “kulak,” “bandit” and “convicted nationalist,” finding that in both official sources and those presenting the voices of ordinary peasants, there was a great preoccupation with unmasking and destroying “enemies.” It presents case studies of two regions (pagasti), showing how land reforms, kulak-branding, mass deportations, and arrests of political criminals combined to create conditions where some families clearly benefited at the expense of others. It examines the criminal files of arrested “bandit supporters,” revealing the morally complicated situations many rural people faced, and the ways they were often compelled to turn against their neighbours. This dissertation finds that violence had a significant presence in everyday life is the postwar Latvian countryside; shoot-outs, revenge killings, armed robberies, kidnappings, beatings and other violent acts were all commonplace. Although the Soviet war against the Latvian peasantry was without question ignited from above, and directed from above, it was nevertheless fought from below, with Latvian peasants participating in the postwar struggle in a very real way. For various reasons, rural Latvians took part on both the Soviet and anti-Soviet sides – and it was virtually impossible to remain neutral. Thus, Latvians were deeply mistrustful of their neighbours. Betrayal, revenge, denunciation, secrecy, “unmasking,” and living under a false identity were key survival strategies of the postwar Latvian peasantry. Although division among the peasantry is not always emphasized in the Baltic historiography, the sources – both human and archival – of the postwar era tell a more complex story about the enemies next door.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,004 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».