Indoor Concentrations and Sources of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds in the Context of Vulnerable Populations
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
People are widely exposed to semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in indoor environments, where concentrations are typically higher than outdoors. Some SVOCs, such as pesticides, ortho-phthalate (PAEs) plasticizers, organophosphate esters (OPEs) used as flame retardants and plasticizers, as well as benzophenones (BPs), salicylates (SALs), and phenolic benzotriazoles (PBs) used as UV filters, are known or suspected to have health impacts with various indoor sources, including building materials and consumer products. Indoor exposure to SVOCs is a significant concern, particularly in North America, where individuals spend over 90% of their time indoors. This thesis aims to enhance our understanding of residential exposure to selected SVOCs from indoor sources in context of vulnerable populations, notably residents of low-income social housing and young children in sleeping microenvironments (SME).Particle-bound concentrations of legacy and current use pesticides quantitatively estimated in low-income social housing in Toronto, Canada, using portable air cleaners equipped with quantitative filter forensics (QFF). Elevated levels of legacy and current use pesticides were measured at levels higher than previously reported, despite long after restrictions. Apart from intentional use of pesticides to control pests, through pest eradication programs or/and by residents themselves, smoking tobacco among residents were identified as sources of indoor herbicide presence. This thesis also confirmed mattress as a source for children early-life exposures to PAEs, OPEs, and UV-filters in SMEs. The emissions of SVOCs were found to increase as a function of children's body temperature and weight, leading to elevated exposure during sleeping. Numbers of newly purchased children’s mattresses, through product testing, were found to either not comply with Canadian regulations for children's mattresses or to be near non-compliance. Factors such as bedroom characteristics, SME contents, and the use of personal care products were also correlated with the levels of some SVOCs in children's SMEs. This thesis found exposures of residents of low-income households and young children to selected SVOCs of concern, reinforcing the importance of better understanding the available sources indoors, as well as the factors contributing to SVOC levels, including building characteristics, use of consumer products, and individual habits, with the aim of reducing exposures in an equitable manner.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».