Gut microbiota biofilm disruptions by Giardia: Pathology in human enterocytes and germ‐free mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis may cause post‐infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome (PI‐IBS). Mechanisms underlying PI‐IBS are unknown, but disruptions in the intestinal microbiota of IBS patients are documented. The intestinal microflora exists as biofilms, and we hypothesized that disruptions in these communities may lead to PIIBS. Aim To study effects of Giardia on the species, and pathogenic profile of microflora biofilms. Methods Microbiota from human colonic mucosal biospies were cultivated as biofilms, and assessed in CaCo2 monolayers and germ‐free (GF) mice. Results Giardia alters species profiles in microflora biofilms, and promotes planktonic growth via exopolysaccharide breakdown. Monolayers exposed to Giardia ‐treated biofilms showed altered occludin and TLR‐4 expression, and apoptosis. GF mice humanized with Giardia ‐treated biofilms show mucosal granulomas and increased mast cell tryptase. Conclusion Giardia disrupts human microbiota biofilms, which disturb epithelial integrity and TLR‐4 expression, and cause intestinal pathophysiology in GF mice. The data illustrate novel pathways employed by pathogens that may lead to PI‐IBS. Supported by NSERC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".