Le principe de liberté académique dans l’ére du conservatisme et de la globalisation. Parcours des libertés civiles et universitaires en Amérique du Nord (The Principle of Academic Freedom in an Era of Conservatism and Globalization...)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
RESUME. Les universites et les institutions educatives ont ete, depuis des siecles, confrontees a diverses contraintes d’ordre politique et religieux. Ainsi la liberte universitaire a prouve etre au cours des siecles, une condition essentielle pour les fonctions primaires des universites et des institutions educatives en general, comme la recherche et l’enseignement. Cette liberte rend possible l’esprit critique propre aux institutions universitaires et aux libertes civiles des societes democratiques. Ces institutions ont absolument besoin d’une liberte de facon a pouvoir accomplir leur mission sociale. L’article presente un bref survol historique de l’evolution et des acquis des universites a l’egard de la liberte academique. Ceci montre la valeur d’une des fonctions essentielles de l’universite : a savoir l’exercice de la critique. L’article expose des reflexions sur les contextes et situations dans lesquels la liberte academique est compromise dans l’ere de la mondialisation. D’une part, certaines compagnies qui commanditent les recherches risquent de limiter la liberte des chercheurs. D’autre part, la liberte academique compose a l’heure actuelle avec les pretendues politiques antiterroristes, notamment aux Etats-Unis. The principle of Academic Freedom in an Era of Conservatism and Globalization. Evolution of civil and academic liberties in North America ABSTRACT. For centuries, universities and other educational institutions have been faced with political and religious constraints. Academic freedom has proved, over time, to be an essential condition for the fundamental roles of universities, such as research and teaching. This freedom makes possible the critical spirit of universities and the civil liberties of democratic societies. Universities need freedom in order to accomplish their social mission. A brief historical overview of the evolution of academic freedom is presented, and the value of one of the essential functions of universities, the exercise of the “critique,᾿ is demonstrated. In addition, contexts and situations in which academic freedom is compromised in the globalization era are explored. On the one hand, some corporate sponsors of research could limit researchers’ academic freedom; on the other, academic freedom is threatened by antiterrorist policies, particularly in the United States.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.024 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".