MHC II restricted CD3+CD4-CD8- cells display functional characteristics of memory cells and contribute to optimal secondary immunity to <i>Leishmania major</i> in mice (P3337)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Although it is generally believed that CD4+ T cells play important role in anti-Leishmania immunity, some studies suggest that they may be dispensable and MHC II-restricted CD3+CD4-CD8- T (double negative, DN) cells may be more important in regulating anti-Leishmania immunity. Indeed, expansion of DN cells occurs in the blood of infected patients and dogs, and in spleens of infected mice and has been proposed to contribute to immunity against Leishmania. However, concrete evidence implicating DN cells in anti-Leishmania immunity is lacking. Here, we show that following primary L. major infection, DN cells in lymphoid organs of infected mice are activated, proliferate and produce IFN-γ. Furthermore, DN cells from mice that healed their primary L. major infection display functional characteristics of anti-Leishmania memory-like cells: they rapidly and extensively proliferate and produce IFN-γ in response to L. major challenge in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, DN cells express alpha-beta T cell receptor (αβ TCR), and are restricted by MHC class II molecules. Moreover, DN cells from healed mice, but not those from naïve mice, control parasite growth in infected macrophages in vitro. Using in vivo depletion and adoptive transfer studies, we show that DN cells from healed mice contribute to optimal secondary anti-Leishmania immunity in mice. These results demonstrate that CD3+CD4-CD8- cells play a role in both primary and secondary (memory) anti-L. major infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".