METABOLIC RESPONSES IN NON-OBESE AND OBESE INDIVIDUALS AFTER SURFACE COOLING
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A.C. McMillan & M. D. White Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, CANADA The hypothesis of adaptive thermogenesis suggests obese relative to non-obese humans have reduced metabolic responses to daily physical stresses such as cold exposure. This predisposes obese to a positive energy balance making it more difficult for them to achieve a healthy body weight. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: It was hypothesized that the obese would have a smaller metabolic response to surface cooling relative to the non-obese. METHODS: Three non-obese males (age: 31.3 ± 11.2 years, weight: 72.8 ± 10.7 kg, height: 1.79 ± 0.07 m, BMI: 22.6 ± 2.5 kg/m2; mean ± SD) and 3 obese males (age: 31.3 ± 12.7 years, weight: 110.9 ± 15.9 kg, height: 1.76 ± 0.09 m, BMI 35.7 ± 2.0 kg/m2) volunteered for the study that was approved by the SFU Office of Research Ethics. Oxygen consumption (VO2, ml/min/kg, STPD) was measured by indirect calorimetry. Rectal temperature (Tre, °C) and mean skin temperature (Tsk, posterior shoulder, arm, thorax, abdomen and thigh) were measured with calibrated thermocouples. Each volunteer participated in 3 trials on 3 separate days and each trial began after an overnight fast. Wearing only shorts, the volunteer was seated in a climatic chamber and exposed to 1 of 3 ambient temperatures: Trial 1) 26°C for 90 min, Trial 2) 26°C for 40 min, followed by 90 min at 18°C and Trial 3) 26°C for 40 min, followed by 90 min at 10°C. RESULTS: In the 3 conditions Tre in both groups was ~ 36.7±0.2°C during the final 20 min of each exposure. After ~70 min at 26, 18 and 10°C mean Tsk stabilized at 3 significantly different levels (p Supported by NSERC and CFI
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".