Whey administration modulates spatial memory in a water maze
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Whey protein concentrate is an eff ective and safe cysteine donor for the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Depletion of this tripeptide in the brain may decrease with age and result in free radical-induced neuronal damage. The eff ect of supplementation with a whey-based cysteine donor (HMS90) was analysed in Morris water task performance in rats. Fivemonth- old Wistar rats received HMS90 orally at doses of 150 (HMS 150) and 300 mg/kg (HMS 300) from day 1 to day 21 of the experiment. A water maze paradigm was carried out for 4 days by training the rats using four training trials per day. In addition to acquisition latency, memory was assessed by a probe trial given 24 h after the last training trial. ANOVA for repeated measurements did not show any signifi cant diff erences in acquisition in the water maze between the groups. However, in the probe trial on day 5, the HMS 150 group sh owed improved memory of the position of the platform, compared to the control and HMS 300 groups. Follow up data on brain content of monoamines and metabolites in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum revealed signifi cant diff erences between the groups. These fi ndings suggest that improvement of cognitive performance in rats treated with HMS90 is associated with neuroregulation in the central nervous system. We have demonstrated that HMS 90 diet results in increased noradrenaline and dopamine concentration in the prefrontal cortex, and that some of the benefi cial eff ects of bovine whey proteins intake are related with dopamine and serotonin metabolism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".