Psychometric Properties of the Polish Version of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The development and validation of the Polish-language version of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S; DiTommaso, Brannen, & Best, 2004) is described in this article. The aim of this study was to translate the SELSA-S into Polish and establish its psychometric properties. A total of 417 university students (262 women and 155 men) aged 19-25 years completed the Polish adaptation of the SELSA-S (SELSA-SPL), and several other measures. All three subscales of the SELSA-SPL showed good internal consistency. Correlations between these three subscales and indicators of psychological functioning demonstrated similar patterns to those of the SELSA-S. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed that the structure of the SELSA-SPL was consistent with the original version. The results from the present study indicate that the Polish version of the SELSA-S is a reliable and valid multidimensional measure of loneliness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".