Decreased coronary artery development in Wt1 heterozygous mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the most common human birth defect which occurs in approximately 1% of all births in Canada. As a major cause of mortality and morbidity, a further understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying congenital heart disease is crucial. Wilms' tumour‐1 (Wt1) was first discovered as a gene mutated in kidney tumour development in children, but has more recently been shown to play an important role in organogenesis. In the developing heart, Wt1 is critical for progenitor cell function. Homozygous Wt1 knockout mice are embryonic lethal with defects in multiple organs, including the heart, kidneys and gonads. Conversely, heterozygous Wt1 (Wt1 +/− ) mice are reported to be viable and fertile but whether a gene dosage effect exists, specifically related to heart development, remains elusive. In this study, coronary artery formation was investigated in postnatal day one (P1) Wt1 +/− mice. Hearts were serially sectioned and immunostained for alpha smooth muscle actin to mark coronary arteries. Amira software was utilized to generate 3‐D reconstructions of the heart to evaluate coronary artery morphology. It was found that coronary artery diameter and coronary artery volume were significantly decreased in Wt1 +/− mice compared with Wt1 +/+ mice at P1. Total body weight, left ventricular, septal and right ventricular myocardial wall thickness were not significantly different between Wt1 +/− and Wt1 +/+ mice at P1. These results demonstrate that expression of both genetic copies of Wt1 is critical for coronary artery development. Ongoing experiments are studying the morphology and function of coronary arteries in the adult Wt1 +/− mice. This research is supported by a NSERC Postgraduate Scholarship and the Heart and Stroke Foundation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".