Low back pain: Effect of coexisting foot deformity on disability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Low back pain is one of the most common health problems facing the developed countries of the world and 75% of the population suffer from back problem at some time during their lives. Sixty-two patients with mechanical low back pain were evaluated for presence of pes planus and hallux valgus deform ities. We grouped our patients as the foot deformity and normal feet groups according to the presence of hallux valgus and/or pes planus. Patients with at least one deformity were accepted as the deformity group. VAS, Quebec back pain disability scale and Oswestry disability questionnaire were inquired to assess disability and pain. Thirty-eight of 62 patients had pes planus and/or hallux valgus in their bilateral feet. There was significant difference between Quebec and Oswestry scores of normal and deformity groups. Our analysis displayed good correlation between indicators of pain and disability: VAS and Quebec and Oswestry scores. We observed that presence of foot deformities increases disability levels in low back pain patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".