Horizontal transmission of group B streptococcus in a neonatal intensive care unit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
G roup B streptococcal (GBS) sepsis is a leading cause of mor- bidity and mortality in the neonatal population (1).A significant reduction has been seen in the incidence of early-onset GBS sepsis (defined as zero to seven days of age) from 1.7 cases per 1000 live births in 1993 to 0.31 cases per 1000 live births in 2005 (2).This reduction was due to the introduction of routine prenatal screening and maternal intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (2).However, the incidence of late-onset GBS disease (defined as seven to 89 days of age) has remained static and is now higher than early-onset GBS disease, averaging 0.35 cases per 1000 live births (1,2).The transmission of late-onset GBS sepsis is hypothesized to occur through multiple mechanisms such as persistent neonatal mucous membrane colonization, contamination of shared equipment via other infected neonates and through infected maternal breast milk (3-10).Currently, no preventive strategy has been shown to effectively reduce the incidence of late-onset GBS sepsis.The present case report describes probable acquisition of GBS disease through horizontal transmission in a neonatal intensive care unit based on the clinical and microbiological picture as well as the confirmation of strain based on antibiotic resistance patterns and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".