Chronic Wasting Disease in Free-Ranging North American Cervids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) was first described in captive mule deer in a Colorado research facility in 1967 and subsequently classified as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in 1978. The first detection of CWD in a free-ranging population was in Colorado elk in 1981. During the 1990s, CWD was identified in free-ranging mule deer, white-tailed deer, and elk in Colorado and Wyoming. By 2000, CWD was considered a disease affecting free-ranging and captive cervids, with a limited distribution in several western states and western provinces in Canada. Following the outbreak of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in Great Britain during the 1980s and resulting variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans in the 1990s, CWD began to garner more attention. Surveillance for CWD increased in both captive and free-ranging cervids, and the disease was subsequently identified in numerous additional locations. Currently, CWD has been detected in either free-ranging or captive deer and elk in 14 states and 2 Canadian provinces. Most recently (2005), the disease was detected in free-ranging deer in New York, West Virginia, Kansas, and Alberta and in captive herds in New York. Across most of the geographic range where CWD has been detected, disease prevalence remains low. However, the disease has continued to spread from the initial foci where it was detected and continued to increase in prevalence. Management efforts to contain or eradicate CWD have not yet been successful, and in some local areas the disease has reached disconcerting levels.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".