Thermoreceptors in the upper gastrointestinal tract independently influence sudomotor activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Warm and cool fluid ingestion during exercise has been previously shown to alter local sweat rate independently of core and skin temperatures. This study strove to identify the location of the thermoreceptors responsible. Six males cycled at 50% VO 2max for 75 min in a 24.8 ± 0.7°C and 33.4 ± 3.5% RH environment, while either mouth‐swilling (SW) 1.5°C or 50°C water; or ingesting 1.5°C or 50°C water through a nasogastric (NG) tube in three 3.2 mL·kg −1 boluses after 15, 30, and 45 min of exercise. Mean skin temperature (T sk ), mean local sweat rate (MLSR) and rectal temperature (T re ) were measured continuously. For all trials, T re and T sk were similar throughout. In the NG trials, MLSR with 1.5°C water was lower than with 50°C water, after 30, 45, and 60 min (P<0.05), but not after 15 or 75 min (P>;0.05) of exercise. In contrast, during the SW trials, MLSR with 1.5°C and 50°C water was almost identical throughout exercise (P>;0.05). In conclusion, thermoreceptors in the stomach region, rather than thermoreceptors in the mouth, are responsible for the transient alterations of sudomotor activity previously observed following the ingestion of warm and cool water. Supported by NSERC Discovery Grant #386143–2010.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".