Effects of nitroprusside on cardiac norepinephrine spillover and isovolumic left ventricular relaxation in the normal and failing human left ventricle.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Left ventricular isovolumic relaxation responses to changes in afterload or preload may be mediated, in part, by reflex changes in sympathetic nervous system activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors examined whether changes in left ventricular isovolumic relaxation during changes in load were associated with changes in cardiac norepinephrine spillover. Six patients with normal left ventricular function and 12 patients with congestive heart failure secondary to left ventricular systolic dysfunction were studied. Measurements of left ventricular isovolumic relaxation (Tau) were obtained using a high fidelity left ventricular pressure manometer, before, during and after infusion of nitroprusside. Total body and cardiac norepinephrine spillover were measured using a radiotracer infusion. RESULTS: Nitroprusside caused significant reductions in systemic arterial and left ventricular end-diastolic pressures, changes that were similar in the two groups. In people with normal left ventricular systolic function, these changes were associated with significant increases in both systemic and cardiac sympathetic activity, but no change in Tau. In the group with congestive heart failure, cardiac norepinephrine spillover did not change; however, there was a significant increase in the rate of left ventricular isovolumic relaxation. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that in the failing human left ventricular, isovolumetric relaxation is sensitive to changes in loading conditions induced by the nitrosovasodilator nitroprusside. Importantly, this load sensitivity is not associated with reflex increases in cardiac sympathetic activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".