The histone demethylase KDM1A is essential for the maintenance and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells and progenitors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Little is known of the fundamental processes governed by epigenetic mechanisms in the supplier cells of spermatogenesis, the spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). The histone H3 lysine demethylase KDM1A is expressed in spermatogonia. We hypothesized that KDM1A serves in transcriptional regulation of SSCs and fertility. Using a conditional deletion of Kdm1a [conditional knockout (cKO)] in mouse spermatogonia, we determined that Kdm1a is essential for spermatogenesis as adult cKO males completely lack germ cells. Analysis of postnatal testis development revealed that undifferentiated and differentiating spermatogonial populations form in Kdm1a-cKO animals, yet the majority fail to enter meiosis. Loss of germ cells in the cKO was rapid with none remaining by postnatal day (PND) 21. To gain insight into the mechanistic implications of Kdm1a ablation, we isolated PND 6 spermatogonia enriched for SSCs and analyzed their transcriptome by RNA sequencing. Loss of Kdm1a was associated with altered transcription of 1206 genes. Importantly, differentially expressed genes between control and Kdm1a-cKO animals included those that are essential for SSC and progenitor maintenance and spermatogonial differentiation. The complete loss of fertility and failure to establish spermatogenesis indicate that Kdm1a is a master controller of gene transcription in spermatogonia and is required for SSC and progenitor maintenance and differentiation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".