Ketorolac in thyroid surgery: quantifying the risk of hematoma.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Hematoma is a potentially life-threatening complication of thyroid surgery. Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with known antiplatelet activity that is used for analgesia. The goal of this study was to determine the risk of hematoma in patients who received ketorolac in thyroid surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: London Health Sciences Centre. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients who underwent thyroid surgery between 2002 and 2007. Data were analyzed using the Fisher exact test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of postoperative hematoma and perioperative ketorolac administration. RESULTS: Thirteen hematomas occurred in 799 patients. Of the 799, 183 patients received ketorolac (22.9%) and 616 did not. Five in the ketorolac group (2.73%) and eight in the nonketorolac group (1.30%) developed hematomas. The calculated relative risk was 2.10 (95% CI 0.70-6.35). CONCLUSIONS: Although there was an increased incidence of hematomas in the group receiving ketorolac, the difference was not statistically significant. The lack of significance may be due to the low number of hematomas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".