Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since the time of Confucius teachers have enjoyed honored standing in China.Teaching as a profession has long been held in high esteem as teachers were, historically, listed among the five most-respected classes: the God of Heaven, the God of the Earth, the emperor, parents, and teachers (Zhou, 1988).As an educator and teacher, Confucius himself was venerated as a sage by generations of Chinese.In modern China, however, circumstances changed.This became particularly apparent during Mao's time, especially during the Cultural Revolution (1966)(1967)(1968)(1969)(1970)(1971)(1972)(1973)(1974)(1975)(1976) when teachers were criticized as petit bourgeois and became targets of political transformation.With Deng Xiaoping's rise to power in 1978 and the shift from political struggle to economic reconstruction, teachers began to be treated with more respect.However, the political and social status of teachers remains low, and teaching and living conditions are still poor (Guo, 2005).With its entry into the WTO in 2001 and the subsequent completion of its market opening pledges in 2006, China has formally entered the age of market economy.Indeed, over the past 30 years, China has experienced "an economic miracle" (Dutta, 2006, p. xii) and a "massive, protracted, and unexpected economic upsurge" (Brandt & Rawski, 2008, p. 1).In 2010, its economy became the second largest in the world after the United States in terms of gross domestic product.It is not clear, however, whether recent economic changes have brought the same "miracle" to teachers' lives and wellbeing in China.In light of this lack of clarity, it is the purpose of this special issue to examine emerging issues and challenges concerning workload, teaching and living conditions, access to professional development, and social and political status of China's teachers under the market economy.This special issue consists of six outstanding papers as well as an insightful commentary by an internationally recognized scholar in Chinese education.The first five articles report findings from a collaborative research project sponsored by the global teacher union federation Education International (Brussels).This project comprised five case studies designed to explore the experience of teachers under China's market economy.For this special issue each contributor reports findings of one of these cases.The first is a paper by co-guest editor Shibao Guo, who examines the experience of migrant teachers in China.Situated in a broad conceptual and contextual framework of globalization, market 19(3-4), 8-18.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.033 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".