Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Serostatus Is Not Associated with Inflammatory or Metabolic Markers in Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated HIV
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Systemic inflammation and immune activation may persist in HIV-infected persons on suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and contribute to adverse health outcomes. We compared markers of immune activation, inflammation, and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in HIV-infected adults according to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) serostatus in a 6-month observational cohort study in Toronto, Canada. HIV-infected adults on suppressive (viral load <50 copies/ml) cART were categorized as HSV-2 seropositive or seronegative using the HerpeSelect ELISA, and underwent study visits at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. The primary outcome was the median percentage of activated (CD38(+)HLADR(+)) CD8 T cells. Secondary outcome measures included additional immune (activated CD4, regulatory T cells) and inflammatory (hsCRP, D-dimer, IL-1b, IL-6, MCP-1, TNF, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, Ang1/Ang2 ratio) markers. Metabolic outcomes included the proportion with impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance/diabetes, insulin sensitivity (calculated using the Matsuda index), insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), and fasting lipids. The impact of HSV-2 on each outcome was estimated using generalized estimating equation regression models. Of 84 participants, 38 (45%) were HSV-2 seropositive. HSV signs and symptoms were uncommon. Aside from D-dimer, which was more often detectable in HSV-2 seropositives (adjusted odds ratio=3.58, 95% CI=1.27, 10.07), HSV-2 serostatus was not associated with differences in any other immune, inflammatory cytokine, acute phase reactant, endothelial activation, or metabolic markers examined in univariable or multivariable models. During the study, CD8 and CD4 T cell activation declined by 0.16% and 0.08% per month, respectively, while regulatory T cells increased by 0.05% per month. HSV-2 serostatus was not consistently associated with immune activation, inflammatory, or lipid and glucose metabolic markers in this cohort of HIV-infected adults on suppressive cART.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".