Beta2‐adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) genotype is associated with acute effects and withdrawal symptoms of caffeine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Twin studies suggest that genetic variation plays an important role in the interindividual variability in caffeine consumption behaviour and its acute effects and withdrawal symptoms. The objective was to determine if genetic polymorphisms of β2‐adrenergic receptor (ADRβ2), a target of caffeine action, is associated with the self‐reported acute effects experienced within 12 hours of consuming a caffeinated beverage or withdrawal symptoms experienced up to 48 hours after ceasing to consume caffeine. Subjects (196 male, 479 female) aged 20‐29 years completed a caffeine habits questionnaire and provided a blood sample for genotyping a polymorphism in the ADRβ2 gene (rs1042713, 47G>A). Caffeine acute effects and withdrawal symptoms were compared between genotypes using chi‐square tests. In this population, the frequency of the G and A alleles were 55% and 45%, respectively. Subjects with the GG genotype were less likely than those with GA or AA genotypes to experience dizziness up to 12 hours after consuming a caffeinated beverage (3%, 9%, 8%, p=0.01). The proportion of subjects who experience anxiety/nervousness up to 48 hours after ceasing to consume a caffeinated beverage was 7%, 16% and 15% (p=0.05) for the GG, GA and AA genotypes, respectively. These findings suggest that ADRβ2 genotype is associated with certain adverse acute effects of caffeine and withdrawal symptoms. Grant Funding Source Advanced Foods and Materials Network
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".