Associations between the 17q21 region and allergic rhinitis in five birth cohorts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The 17q21 locus is among the most implicated genetic risk factors for childhood asthma, and may be a shared risk locus with allergic rhinitis. Previous candidate gene studies on the 17q21 locus and allergic rhinitis are small and conflicting. Objective: In a pooled analysis of five birth cohorts (BAMSE, GINI/LISA, PIAMA, CAPPS and SAGE; N total =4623), we examined whether seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located at 17q21 were associated with allergic rhinitis, and whether this association was modified in those also diagnosed with asthma. Methods: Allergic rhinitis was defined using a questionnaire-based report of doctor diagnosis or symptoms and a concomitant positive test for aeroallergen sensitization at ages four to 16 years (in the pooled data). Generalized estimating equation models, adjusted for age and cohort, assessed longitudinal associations between allergic rhinitis and the SNPs. We then evaluated associations for allergic rhinitis with and without concomitant asthma. Results: A significant longitudinal association between allergic rhinitis and rs7216389, previously implicated in genome-wide association studies on asthma, was observed (OR:1.17, 95%CI:[1.06, 1.29] with T as the effect allele). Four other SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium with rs7216389 and a fifth SNP were also associated. Associations appeared greatest for concomitant allergic rhinitis and asthma (1.35 [1.11, 1.63] for rs7216389:T), but were also observed for allergic rhinitis without concomitant asthma (1.12 [1.00, 1.24] for rs7216389:T). Conclusions: The results of this large study support the role of the 17q21 locus as a shared genetic susceptibility locus of allergic rhinitis and asthma.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".