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Record W113810671 · doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7357.219

Brain drain and health professionals

2002· letter· en· W113810671 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueBMJ · 2002
Typeletter
Languageen
FieldHealth Professions
TopicGlobal Health Workforce Issues
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersNational Osteoporosis SocietyOsteoporosis Australia
KeywordsIntellectIntellectual propertyState (computer science)NothingPublic relationsPolitical scienceMedicineLawEpistemologyPhilosophy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

# Is state ownership of health professionals' intellect being proposed? {#article-title-2} EDITOR—In their editorial on the migration of medical professionals Pang et al suggest that “Just as intellectual property rights need to be discussed by developed and developing countries together, so also should the preservation of the intellectual property of a nation, embodied in its health professionals, be addressed by international organisations.”1 Does this mean that the state or some international organisation has a financial claim on a person's intellect? It is one thing to require public service in exchange for education as long as both parties agree beforehand. It is quite another to extort service or money from people who have paid for their own education; this type of action would be justified only at a time of national calamity, such as a world war. Because we so value liberty, most Americans would find this view utterly preposterous. Hopefully many British people will as well. 1. ↵1. Pang T, 2. Lansang MA, 3. Haines A .Brain drain and health professionals.BMJ2002; 324:499–500. (2 March.) [OpenUrl][1][FREE Full Text][2] # Brain drain disseminates skill and advances science {#article-title-4} EDITOR—I cannot understand why some people have difficulty understanding the freedom of movement of professionals.1Professionals move from one region to another and from one country to another all the time. It happens everywhere. This phenomenon is nothing new. The people who leave their country have their reasons for going. Einstein left Germany for the United States in the 1930s for fear of Nazi persecution. Osler emgrated from Canada to John Hopkins University in the United States and eventually ended up in Oxford, England. In the United States we have a variety of professionals from all over the earth. This phenomenon enriches cultures, disseminates skill and information, and advances science and technology. I … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBMJ%26rft.stitle%253DBMJ%26rft.issn%253D0007-1447%26rft.aulast%253DPang%26rft.auinit1%253DT.%26rft.volume%253D324%26rft.issue%253D7336%26rft.spage%253D499%26rft.epage%253D500%26rft.atitle%253DBrain%2Bdrain%2Band%2Bhealth%2Bprofessionals%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fbmj.324.7336.499%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11872536%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=FULL&journalCode=bmj&resid=324/7336/499&atom=%2Fbmj%2F325%2F7357%2F219.atom

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Research integrity, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesResearch integrity, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Commentary · Consensus signal: Commentary
Teacher disagreement score0.201
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0020.006
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.003

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.126
GPT teacher head0.507
Teacher spread0.382 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it