Angiotensin II‐Induced Erectile Dysfunction Prevented By Bradykinin B1 Receptor Antagonism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chronic angiotensin II (AngII) treatment induces erectile dysfunction in rats. In penile erectile tissue, AngII stimulates smooth muscle contraction leading to detumescence, while bradykinin promotes relaxation to facilitate erection. AngII has been shown to increase bradykinin B1 receptor (B1R) expression in aorta however; an interaction between these systems has not been examined in erectile tissue. This study investigated the impact of bradykinin B1R antagonism on AngII‐induced erectile dysfunction. Sprague‐Dawley rats were treated with vehicle or AngII in the presence or absence of the B1R antagonist R‐954. After 4weeks, arterial pressure (MAP) and erectile function were assessed in anesthetized rats. AngII increased MAP and left ventricular mass, and significantly impaired erectile function relative to control. While concomitant B1R antagonism had no impact on AngII‐induced hypertension, it prevented the cardiac hypertrophy and erectile dysfunction. Impaired erectile responses were not associated with changes in cavernosal collagen content, ROS production, or endothelial NOS or SMAD2/3 expression. This study reveals for the first time that bradykinin B1R blockade can offset AngII‐induced erectile dysfunction independent of hypertension and unrelated to cavernosal tissue remodeling. Future studies will investigate mechanisms underlying this effect and provide insight into the inter‐regulation of the RAS and kallikrein kinin system in erectile function. Funding: APS STRIDE program (NHLBI; 1 R25 HL115473‐01), CMSHC
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".