Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of CAS—1 Lunar Regolith Simulant under Low Stress Levels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The key to the project of lunar regolith sampling lies in the interactive mechanism between drilling implements and lunar regolith under special circumstances of lunar surface. Targeted at mechanical properties of CAS-1 lunar regolith simulant under low stress levels, the tri-axial test, direct shear test and compression test were carries out. Research findings show that: (1) Under low stress levels, when void ratio e ranges between 0.8 and 1.1, the value of cohesion c is 2.8~5.0 kPa and internal friction angle φ 39.84°~41.09°, and the compression curves show varying features of first upward concave and then downward concave; when e ranges between 0.9 and 1.1, initial compression modulus E0 is 12.647~3.923 MPa, and the stress-strain curves consist of hardening and softening stages. During the softening stage, the decreasing rate is faster, and the stress ratio is concentratively distributed along the curves. (2) Under low stress levels, the smaller the value of e, the larger the peak deviator stress/stress ratio and the smaller the peak axial strain, but they all range between 2% and 5%. (3) The initial tangent slope α, peak stress ratio ηf and residual stress ratio ηr are all log-linear to the confining pressure P0, but under low stress levels, α falls slowly, and the initial tangent modulus Gi(1/α) changes within a smaller range, whereas ηf and ηr fall faster.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".