FL2-1 The Impact of Fuels and Fuelling Strategy on Enabling of Clean Combustion in a Diesel Engine(FL: Fuels,General Session Papers)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Due to the low volatility and high reactivity of conventional diesel fuels, the efficient combustion of a highly homogenous cylinder charge is normally limited to low loads. When the compression ratio, and thus the expansion ratio for prevalent engine designs, is substantially lowered to accommodate higher loads, the energy efficiency of the cycle is significantly reduced. In this work, with a high compression ratio of 18.2:1 kept intact on a single cylinder engine platform, the charge homogeneity is raised by adding fuels of higher volatility and lower reactivity at the intake port of the engine. The impact of port delivered gasoline has been reported by the authors previously; herein the usage of ethanol and butanol are investigated for their respective impacts on the enabling of ultra-low NOx and soot combustion at an elevated load level of 0.8 MPa IMEP. In order to attain appropriate combustion phasing with adequate burning completeness, the ratio of the port injection fuel and the direct (high pressure) injection fuel were adjusted; along with the modulation of the timing and events of the diesel pilot. The use of ethanol as a main fuel of energy supply demonstrated superior performance of clean and efficiency combustion for a load up to 1.36 MPa IMEP. Higher load operations have led to the premature auto-ignition of butanol and ethanol respectively, whilst butanol imposes the load barrier earlier than ethanol. Similar to the symptoms of most homogeneous charge engines, higher levels of total hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions loom especially when excessive EGR is applied to defer the early heat-release. All the demonstrated tests are performed under the EGR and boost amounts that are considered readily achievable in an advanced production engine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".