Tumors adapt rapidly to thwart vaccine-induced T cell attack but this adaptive response can be overcome by manipulation of costimulation and immune checkpoints (48.30)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We have developed a prototypic recombinant adenovirus vaccine encoding dopachrome tautomerase (rHuAd5-hDCT) that leads to moderate suppression of B16F10 melanoma growth through a CD8+ T cell- and IFN-γ-dependent mechanism. The immunogenicity of rHuAd5-hDCT was improved by concomitant 4-1BB stimulation leading to enhanced control of tumor growth; however, most tumors ultimately relapsed. Gene expression analysis revealed a rapid adaptation of the tumor environment within 5 days of vaccination. Intratumoral IFN-γ and TNF-α expression increased rapidly following vaccination but, paradoxically, expression was almost completely attenuated at the time of highest infiltration by vaccine-induced CD8+ T cells. We also noted robust, yet transient, induction of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in the tumor following vaccination, which correlated with the attenuation of IFN-γ and TNF-α expression. Blockade of PD-1 signaling in combination with rHuAd5-hDCT enhanced effector cytokine expression in the tumor and improved growth control, but the tumors ultimately relapsed. Strikingly, the combination of PD-1 blockade and 4-1BB stimulation with rHuAd5-hDCT produced a synergistic enhancement in intratumoral T cell activity, resulting in complete regression despite no increase in the functionality or number of tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells. These results punctuate the need to understand the dynamic changes within the tumor to optimize cancer immunotherapy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".