Epidemiology of serogroup C and Y invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Ontario, 2000–2013: Vaccine program impact assessment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: A publicly-funded meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine (MCCV) program was introduced in Ontario, in 2004/2005 for 1-year-old children as well as adolescents (approximately 12 years old). In 2009, quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) replaced MCCV for grade seven students. Our objective was to determine meningococcal vaccine program impact on reported cases of serogroup C and Y invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) at the population level in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Ontario reportable diseases system, the integrated Public Health Information System (iPHIS), and Public Health Ontario Laboratories (PHOL) for 2000-2013. Descriptive epidemiologic analyses, including age-specific rates for age groups based on program eligibility, were conducted. Changes over the 14-year observation period and comparison of pre- and post-program periods for MCCV and MCV4 were assessed. Analyses were conducted using SAS 9.3. RESULTS: There were 161 serogroup C IMD cases and its annual incidence decreased significantly over time (17.2% reduction per year [95% CI: 13.4 to 20.7]). The incidence of serogroup C IMD decreased significantly in children aged 1-17 years in the post-program period, based on age-specific incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Adolescents 12-16 years had the lowest serogroup C IRR (0.07 [95% CI: 0.01 to 0.55]); the rate decreased more than 14-fold between the pre- and post-periods. There were 187 serogroup Y IMD cases and there was a non-significant 1.6% reduction per year [95% CI: -1.9 to 5.1]) over the surveillance period. Likewise, there was a non-significant decrease in serogroup Y IMD among persons 12-16 years (MCV4 eligible) in the post-program period. CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in serogroup C IMD among program eligible and ineligible age groups suggest both direct and indirect MCCV vaccine program impact. Continued surveillance of IMD in Ontario is important to further assess MCV4 program impact.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".