Comparison of Measurements with Active and Passive Bonner Sphere Spectrometers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Because of its high biological efficiency, neutron radiation can be a serious source-and not only around accelerators and nuclear fusion reactors. Roughly half of the radiation exposure of aircrew members is caused by cosmic ray-induced neutrons in a wide energy range. Therefore, following the International Commission on Radiological Protection's recommendations, aircrew are treated as occupationally exposed workers by a recent directive of the European Council, which implies various safety precautions including the dosimetric surveillance. The accurate assessment of operational and limiting quantities such as ambient dose equivalent H*(10) and effective dose E requires the knowledge of the neutron energy spectrum. The CERN-CEC neutron reference field has been designed to resemble the neutron spectrum at an average subsonic aviation altitude. Therefore, it provides an excellent calibration facility for all instruments with intended applications in this field. The stray radiation field is created by a mixed beam of charged hadrons with momenta of 120 GeV/c (about 2/3 protons and 1/3 pions) incident on a cylindrical copper target (50 cm length, 7 cm diam), which is located either under a 40- cm-thick iron shielding or under a 80-cm-thick concrete shielding. The beam monitoring is provided by a precision ionization chamber (PIG) with one PIC count corresponding to ~2.2*10/sup 4/ primary particles. The radiation field can be simulated to a good level of detail by the Monte Carlo code FLUKA. (5 refs).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".