Effects of Red Tide on Physico-chemical Properties of Water and Phytoplankton Assemblage in Sepanggar Bay, Sabah, Malaysia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Harmful algal bloom (HAB) produced by Cochlodinium sp. is a serious concern in the west coast of Sabah in Malaysia. Recently frequent occurrence of red tide has been reported in Sepanggar Bay, south of Kota Kinabalu. This paper presents a comparative study of physico-chemical properties of water and phytoplankton assemblage during red tide and non-red tide period in Sepanggar Bay. Measured parameters were significantly different (p<0.05) between the red tide and non-red tide periods. The mean abundances of phytoplankton was 0.388x10 6 cells L and 1.628x10 6 cells during red tide and non-red tide period respectively. The global R value, obtained through analysis of similarity test, in non-red tide period (0.03) were higher than in the red tide period (0.01) which indicates more diverse phytoplankton assemblage during non-red tide period. Cochlodinium sp. was the most discriminating species (31.39%) during red tide period and Coscinodiscuss sp. (18.25%) during the non-red tide period. Through cluster analysis three species groups were found during red tide period while six groups were found during non-red tide period, which implies less diverse phytoplankton assemblage in the presence of red tide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".