Effects of Red Tide on Physico-chemical Properties of Water and Phytoplankton Assemblage in Sepanggar Bay, Sabah, Malaysia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Harmful algal bloom (HAB) produced by Cochlodinium sp. is a serious concern in the west coast of Sabah in Malaysia. Recently frequent occurrence of red tide has been reported in Sepanggar Bay, south of Kota Kinabalu. This paper presents a comparative study of physico-chemical properties of water and phytoplankton assemblage during red tide and non-red tide period in Sepanggar Bay. Measured parameters were significantly different (p<0.05) between the red tide and non-red tide periods. The mean abundances of phytoplankton was 0.388x10 6 cells L and 1.628x10 6 cells during red tide and non-red tide period respectively. The global R value, obtained through analysis of similarity test, in non-red tide period (0.03) were higher than in the red tide period (0.01) which indicates more diverse phytoplankton assemblage during non-red tide period. Cochlodinium sp. was the most discriminating species (31.39%) during red tide period and Coscinodiscuss sp. (18.25%) during the non-red tide period. Through cluster analysis three species groups were found during red tide period while six groups were found during non-red tide period, which implies less diverse phytoplankton assemblage in the presence of red tide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".