An antibody to the C‐terminus extension of cox2 in the male transmitted mitochondrial genome of Venustaconcha ellipsiformis (Bivalvia: Unionoidea)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Doubly uniparental inheritance of mitochondrial DNA (DUI) has been observed in two orders of marine bivalves and in the freshwater bivalve superfamily Unionoidea. Cox2 is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that functions in complex IV of the electron transport system. PCR amplification of the cox2 ‐ cox1 junction region from unionoidean male‐transmitted (M) mtDNA genomes reveals an approximately 555 bp 3′ coding extension to cox2 . The fixed presence of the cox2 3′ extension in unionoidean M genomes may be associated with the high stability of DUI in this taxon. We made an antibody against the M cox2 C‐terminus extension from V. ellipsiformis . The antibody was characterized by blotting procedures using both soluble and insoluble extracts of testes. Attempts at detecting the lengthened cox2 protein were made using both male and female tissues and it was observed that the protein was predominantly expressed in testes. Weak expression was detected in other male tissues such as foot, mantle and gill. However, female tissues showed no immunoreactive band. Immunohistochemistry also verified that the expression of this protein is predominantly in male spermatogenic tissue. This is the first report documenting the expression of a significantly lengthened cox2 protein in the Unionoidea. We hypothesize that the expression of a lengthened cox2 protein in unionoidean bivalve testes has functional significance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".