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Record W1197251953 · doi:10.1128/9781555817978.ch24

Viral Immune Evasion

2014· book-chapter· en· W1197251953 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueASM Press eBooks · 2014
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicHerpesvirus Infections and Treatments
Canadian institutionsWestern University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBiologyVirologyVacciniaVirusImmune systemHerpes simplex virusViral replicationInterferonCowpoxCD46Complement systemGeneImmunologyGenetics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The effects of viral immune evasion proteins can occur outside host cells, in the case of chemokines, cytokines, or cell surface receptors, or inside cells, in the case of signal transduction and antigen presentation pathways. This chapter attempts to summarize examples of viral immune evasion strategies, especially the facets of the immune system frequently targeted by viruses. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human retroviruses, and vaccinia virus incorporate host complement control proteins (CCPs), CD55 and CD59, into the virion envelopes, mediating resistance to complement. The poxviruses variola virus, vaccinia virus (VV), and cowpox virus (CPV) all express CCPs, which were discovered based on sequence similarity to human and mouse CCPs. The ability of viruses to induce IFN gene expression via dsRNA varies greatly, and the viral proteins which have evolved to intercept this dsRNA-dependent activation can function either to block IFN-induced transcription or by neutralizing IFN-induced molecules that establish an antiviral state. The discovery of virus-encoded homologs of IFN regulatory factors (vIRFs) within the genome of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) suggested a mechanism whereby the viral homolog could outcompete cellular IRFs needed for the transcriptional activation of host cell IFN response genes. Inactivation occurs only after direct contact between herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected fibroblasts and the lymphocytes, not when the lymphocytes are incubated with high concentrations of cell-free virus.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.989
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.033
GPT teacher head0.273
Teacher spread0.240 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it